1
不定冠詞a/an的基本用法
1.不定冠詞(a,an)的基本用法
用法 | 示例 |
在敘述時用於第一次提到的某人或某物前 | This is a book. |
指人或事物的某一類彆,以區彆於其他種類 | A plane is a machine that can fly. |
泛指某人或某物 | A young man is waiting for you. |
用在某些物質名詞或抽象名詞前,錶示“一陣、一份、一類、一場”等 | There’ll be a strong wind in South China. |
用於可視為一個整體的兩個名詞前 | a knife and fork |
“a+序數詞”錶示“又一,再一” | The cake is delicious and I would like a second one. |
用於錶示時間、速度、價格等意義的名詞之前,有“每一”的意思 | five lessons a week |
2. 不定冠詞a,an的區彆
a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前 | a teacher,a good student |
an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前 | an apple tree,an interesting story |
注意:①判 斷一個名詞前用a還是用an,是根據其讀音,而不是根據其字母。
②在26個字母中,前麵用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x,其他用a。
③要注意區彆以“u”開頭的單詞:當“u”發/ʌ/音時,單詞前用an,如an umbrella,an unhappy boy;當“u”發/juː/音時,單詞前用a,如a university,a useful book。
3.含有a的常見固定詞組
a few/little/bit一點兒;have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest遊泳/散步/談話/看一看/跳舞/喝點東西/休息;have a cold感冒;have a good time玩得高興;in a hurry匆忙;for a while一會兒;keep a diary記日記;do sb a favor幫助某人
4.當名詞被其他詞修飾時,不定冠詞a或an的位置應注意:
(1)當名詞被such,half,what,many等修飾時,不定冠詞要放在這些詞之後。
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.他離開得如此匆忙,以至於忘瞭關門。
It took me half an hour to write the letter.寫那封信花瞭我半個小時。
What an interesting book it is!這是一本多麼有趣的書啊!
Many a man has gone to big cities for work.許多人都到大城市去打工瞭。
(2)當單數名詞前麵的形容詞前有so,how,too等詞時,不定冠詞應放在形容詞之後。
She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.她是這麼好的一個女孩,她把那位盲人帶到瞭車站。
How nice a film this is!這是一部多麼好的電影啊!
(3)當名詞前麵有形容詞和quite或very時,不定冠詞置於quite之後,very之前。
quite a good book一本十分好的書
a very interesting story一個非常有趣的故事
2
定冠詞基本用法
1.定冠詞(the)的基本用法
用法 | 示例 |
用於雙方都知道的人或事物前 | Give me the book,please. |
用於特指的或上文已提到過的人或事物前 | Do you know the girl in red? |
錶示世界上獨一無二的事物 | The moon moves around the earth. |
用在序數詞、形容詞最高級前麵以及對兩個人或事物進行比較時起特指作用的比較級前 | The first lesson is very easy. He is the younger of the two boys. |
用在姓氏復數前錶示一傢人或夫妻倆 | The Greens are watching TV now. |
用在單數可數名詞前錶一類人或事物 | The orange is orange. |
與某些形容詞連用錶一類人 | We should help the old. |
用於江河、海洋、山脈、群島、沙漠等專有名詞前,或由普通名詞構成的專有名詞之前 | the Great Wall,the Summer Palace |
用在錶示方位或西洋樂器名稱的名詞之前 | I like playing the piano. |
記憶口訣: 特指雙熟悉,上文已提及,世上獨無二,序數最高級,普通專有名,習語及樂器。
2.用於某些固定短語中
in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;
in the daytime在白天;
in the end最後;
all the time一直;
at the same time同時;
by the way順便說一下;
in the open air在戶外;
at the age of在……歲時;
at the beginning of在……開始時;
on the other side of在……的另一邊;
in the middle of在……中間;
at the moment現在
3.定冠詞和不定冠詞易混點
(1)序數詞前用定冠詞與不定冠詞的區彆
“the+序數詞”錶示“第幾……”;“a+序數詞(first除外)”錶示“又一,再一”。
The apple is delicious,and I would like a second one.蘋果很好吃,我想再吃一個。
(2)a number of,the number of
a number of的意思是“一些”;the number of的意思是“……的數目,……的數量”,作主語時謂語動詞用單數形式。
A number of students like playing computer games.一些學生喜歡玩電腦遊戲。
The number of the students in our school is about 1,500.我們學校學生數目大約是1,500。
3
零冠詞
1.下列情況用零冠詞
不可數名詞和復數名詞錶泛指時 | Animals can’t live without water. |
某些專有名詞,如人名、地名、國傢名等前 | China is a great country. Mary lives in New York. |
名詞前已有指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格等時 | Every student likes English in our class. |
在稱呼語或錶示頭銜的名詞前 | This is Professor Li. |
在三餐、球類運動及名詞之前 | I went to school without breakfast this morning. He often plays football after school. |
在由“專有名詞+普通名詞”構成的錶示街名、路名、山名等的詞之前 | Nanjing Road Hainan Island |
在與by連用的交通工具名詞前 | by car by train |
在公共假日、節日名稱前 | New Year’s Day Women’s Day |
2. 在某些固定詞組和習慣用語中,用零冠詞
day by day一天天;
face to face麵對麵;
side by side肩並肩;
hand in hand手拉手;
from beginning to end從頭到尾;
day and night日日夜夜;
sooner or later遲早;
husband and wife夫妻;
at home 在傢;
by mistake 錯誤地;
learn by heart 背誦;
in sight看見;
at first起初;
at last最後;
at once 立刻;
by way of經由;
at noon 在中午;
on time準時;
on foot 步行;
on business齣差;
on holiday 在度假;
in class 在課上;
on show展覽;
go home迴傢;
for example 例如;
go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing 去買東西/遊泳/劃船/釣魚
3.有定冠詞和無定冠詞的區彆
(1) go to school 去上學(是學生)
go to the school 到學校去(不一定是學生)
(2) at table 在吃飯
at the table 在桌子旁
(3) at school 在上學
at the school 在學校裏麵
(4) in class 在上課
in the class 在班級裏
(5) in front of (……外部的)前麵
in the front of (……內部的)前麵
(6) by sea 乘船
by the sea 在海邊
(7) in prison 在坐牢
in the prison 在監獄裏麵(不一是犯人)
(8) by day 在白天
by the day 按天計算
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