英文有一個字叫做sweatshop。Sweat是汗 shop是店 富士康是中國奇蹟還是血汗工廠？ - 趣味新聞網

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    英文有一個字叫做sweatshop。Sweat是汗，shop是店，閤起來叫血汗工廠。意思是全球最大的連鎖賣場Wal-Mart、世界第一運動品牌Nike都曾被冠上sweatshop之名。一連12起員工自殺案，也讓鴻海濛上血汗工廠的陰影。以下文章節錄自英國金融時報(Financial Times)。我們一起讀西方是怎麼解讀所謂的世界工廠(workshop of the world)。

    Terry Gou is used to having everything under control. When an earthquake struck during Hon Hai's annual meeting a few years ago, and investors interrupted his presentation with frightened screams, the company's founder and chairman silenced them with a stern look and a few words: “It's just an earthquake!”

    That approach runs through Hon Hai - also known by its trade name, Foxconn - the world's largest electronics contract manufacturer, which for two decades has operated according to three principles: authority, control and discipline.

    The deaths have stoked criticism of working conditions at Foxconn and, by extension, all of southern China. In a region covered with factories, Foxconn is the “workshop of the world” writ large, an institution symbolising the best and worst of the country's manufacturing miracle and the legions of migrant workers who have laboured to build it.

    以往郭台銘習慣於一切都在掌握中。有一次鴻海開年會時剛好遇到地震，投資者嚇得大叫，郭台銘隻是闆著臉，一句話就讓會場安靜下來。他說：「不過是一場地震！」這種嚴厲的作風貫穿鴻海上下－作為全球最大的電子代工廠商，鴻海也以其商標名富士康(Foxconn)聞名。20年來，鴻海的管理一直循3條原則：權威、控製、紀律。但現在並非一切都在掌握中。一連串的自殺事件撼動瞭鴻海製造業王國的根基。富士康是中國「世界工廠」的象徵。它同時體現瞭中國製造業奇蹟最好和最糟的一麵。

    郭台銘建立鴻海經曆漫長的過程。1950年，郭台銘齣生於一個從大陸遷台人傢。他畢業於中國海專。1974年，他嚮母親藉瞭一筆錢，開辦瞭一傢塑料加工廠，生産電視零件，接著業務擴及個人電腦。其後，郭台銘與戴爾等外國企業簽署産品組裝閤約。1988年，當台灣勞動力成本開始節節攀升時，郭台銘把業務重心轉移到大陸。

    It was a long road for Mr Gou to get there. Born in 1950 to Chinese refugees in Taiwan, he graduated from a maritime technology college. In 1974, with a loan from his mother, he started a garage workshop making plastic parts for television sets, later diversifying into personal computers. The next step was signing up foreign companies such as Dell to assemble their products, an operation he moved to southern China in 1988 when labour costs in Taiwan started rising.

    郭台銘成功打造齣瞭全世界最精密的製造機器之一，他相信，沒有誰比自己更懂得如何運營一傢工廠。對於所有的批評聲音他都置若罔聞。他會在鴻海總部簡陋的員工餐廳裏搭設的講台上，嚮分析師或記者發錶演講，這些演講讓人對他感到敬畏。鴻海總部位於台北郊區沉悶枯燥的土城。而在管理層會議上，如果他認為高管提齣的問題很愚蠢，就會讓他們罰站。

    Having built one of the most sophisticated manufacturing machines in the world, Mr. Gou believes that he knows best how to run a factory. Criticism - whether from shop floor workers, boardroom colleagues or investors - is dismissed. He is feared for the lectures he delivers to analysts or reporters from his seat on the podium in Hon Hai's Spartan staff canteen in its headquarters in Dirt City, a dreary Taipei suburb. In management meetings, executives who ask questions he considers silly are made to stand.

    近90％的工人都住在宿捨，宿捨的大門永遠都是緊閉著。有些生産綫工人連什麼時候上廁所都嚴格管製限製。盡管工作條件嚴苛，深圳招工中心外每天仍然有成韆上萬的農民工排隊，分析師說，嚴苛的管理製度將日漸喪失其吸引力。

    In the dormitories where about 90 per cent of workers live, doors must be kept shut at all times. On some production lines, there are restrictions on when they can go to the toilet. Yet while queues of thousands of migrants still form daily at the Shenzhen recruitment centre, observers say the harsh regime will grow less attractive over time.

    現在中國進入勞力市場的是年輕一代，他們齣生於1985年至1995一胎化政策高峰期；價值觀與上一代截然不同。「這些獨生子女從來沒有乾過農活，因此與自己在農村的老傢並沒有強烈的情感聯係，與第一代農民工相比，他們承受壓力的能力更低，因此一旦遭遇挫摺，就更容易受到傷害。」有些分析師指齣，這使他們在承受壓力更容易有自殺傾嚮。

    A different generation, born at the height of the one-child policy between 1985 and 1995, is entering the labour market.“These only children have never worked the land, and they don't have strong ties to their rural hometowns,” says Prof Yang. “They can take much less pressure than the first generation of migrant workers, so once they have some emotional trouble, they are more vulnerable.” This, some analysts argue, makes them more prone to consider suicide.

    日前郭台銘親赴深圳處理危機。他陪同媒體記者參訪工廠，試圖與員工打成一片，甚至下令在建築物四周安裝安全網。但就在這位富士康老闆離開後數小時，又有一名年輕男性員工跳樓身亡。富士康的管理人員錶示，他們已束手無策。

    Last week, Mr. Gou himself rushed to Shenzhen to address the crisis. He showed dozens of reporters around the plant and hosted a panel of psychology and sociology experts. He walked around the factory town, trying to bond with staff, and even ordered 1.5m square metres of net to be installed around buildings.

    And yet another young man jumped to his death within hours of his boss's departure. Foxconn staff say they are at their wits' end.

    Key points：

    1. Writ large: 顯然地

    Writ在古英語中是write的過去分詞，現在沒多少人用瞭，但當名詞用，今天還常見於法律用語，指「(法庭等發齣的)書麵命令」。Writ large是片語，指「極明顯的」、「突齣誇大的」。

    2. At one's wit's end 智窮計盡、束手無策

    wit的意思是「穎悟力，智力，理解力」。該習慣用語的意思是「處在智力的末端」，意即「智窮計盡」瞭。例如：I'm at my wit's end with this problem. 我對這個問題真是束手無策。看一段對話：

    A: I am at my wits' end. 我已經智窮計盡瞭。

    B: What's the matter? 怎麼啦？

    A: If the bank won't lend us the money, we'll be 　　stuck. 如果銀行不給貸款，我們就寸步難行瞭。

    B: Don't worry. You can ask Mary for help. 彆著　　　急。你可以請瑪麗幫幫忙。

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