《英美文化基礎教程》（硃永濤主編，外語教學與研究齣版社）一直被用作高等院校英語專業英美概況教材，被許多院校指定為英語專業考研必讀書和學術研究參考書。作為該教材的學習輔導書，全書完全遵循該教材的章目編排分為2部分，共23章，每章由兩部分組成：第一部分為復習筆記（中英文對照），總結本章的重點難點；第二部分是課後習題詳解，提供瞭教材中每章習題的詳細答案。本書具有以下幾個方麵的特點：
1．梳理章節脈絡，濃縮內容精華。每章的復習筆記以該教材為主並結閤其他教材對本章的重難點知識進行瞭整理，並參考瞭國內名校名師講授該教材的課堂筆記，因此，本書的內容幾乎濃縮瞭經典教材的知識精華。
2．中英雙語對照，凸顯難點要點。本書章節筆記采用瞭中英文對照的形式，強化對重要難點知識的理解和運用。
3．解析課後習題，提供詳盡答案。本書對硃永濤主編的《英美文化基礎教程》每章的課後思考題均進行瞭詳細的分析和解答，並對相關重要知識點進行瞭延伸和歸納。
第1部分 英國文化
第1章 誰是英國人
1.1 復習筆記
【本章要點】
1 The Scots
2 The Irish
3 The English
【核心筆記】
1 The Scots(蘇格蘭人)
(1) Origin: Celts.
(2) Scots are proud that the English never conquered them.
(3) Language
①Gaelic, old Celtic language of the Scots: People in the Highlands and the Western Isles still speak this language and their names beginning with M, Mac, Mc, which means “son of” in Gaelic;
②English;
Character: People feel that they are serious, cautious, and thrifty. Real Scots are warm, generous and friendly.
(1) 起源：凱爾特人。
(2) 蘇格蘭人自豪的是，英國從來沒有徵服過他們。
(3) 語言
①蓋爾語，蘇格蘭的古老的凱爾特語言：在高地和西部群島地區的人們仍然講這種語言，這些地區的人們的名字以M，MAC，MC開頭，蓋爾語的意思是“兒子”。
②英語；
特點：據說他們嚴肅認真、謹慎、節儉，事實上他們很熱情、慷慨、友善。
2 The Irish(愛爾蘭人)
(1) Origin: Scots and English Protestants.
(2) Problem: Protestants have taken the lead, and there is a fierce battle with the Roman Catholics. The latter strives for more social resources to improve political and economic status.
(3) Language
①Irish or Erse, a form of Gaelic: official first language of the Republic of Ireland;
②English: second.
(4) Character: charm, vivacity, beauty girls.
(1) 起源：蘇格蘭和英國新教徒。
(2) 問題：占主導地位的新教徒與正在尋求更多的社會，政治和經濟機會的羅馬天主教之間有著激烈的戰鬥。
(3) 語言
①愛爾蘭語，一種蓋爾特語：愛爾蘭共和國的官方語言；
②英文：居第二重要性。
(4) 特性：女孩有魅力、活潑、美麗。
3 The English(英格蘭人)
(1) Origin: Anglo-Saxons.
(2) Cockney: A Cockney refers to the Londoner who is born within the sound of Bow Bells–the bells of the church of St Mary-Le-Bow Bells in east London.
(3) The British and the English language originated from the Norman Conqueror League and the defeated Anglo-Saxons.
(1) 起源：盎格魯-撒剋遜人。
(2) 倫敦佬：倫敦佬是一個齣生就帶有教堂的鍾的聲音的人——東倫敦的聖瑪麗勒布教堂的鍾聲。
(3) 英國人和英語來源於諾爾曼徵服者聯盟和被打敗的盎格魯-撒剋遜人。
1.2 課後習題詳解
Ⅰ. Explain each of the following in English
1 The Scottish Highlanders
Key: Highlanders consider themselves “real” Scots and usually wear their own national dress. They are a proud, independent, and strong nation. They mainly make a living by raising sheep in the mountains.
2 The British Isles
Key: The British Isles are a group of islands off the northwest coast of continental Europe that include the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles. There are two sovereign states located on the islands: the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
3 The National Eisteddfod
Key: The national Eisteddfod is held in August every year and lasts for about a week. The content of the event is to compete for the best epic about Wales written and read in Welsh. The winner will be crowned Bard, which is considered the highest honor in Wales.
4 Bard
Key: In medieval Gaelic and British culture, a bard was a professional poet, employed by a patron, such as a monarch or nobleman, to commemorate the patron’s ancestors and to praise the patron’s own activities.
5 Northern Ireland (Ulster)
Key: In 1922, Ireland was divided. The 26 countries in southern Ireland constituted the Irish Free State, which was renamed the Republic of Ireland later. The six countries of Ulster in the north were still part of Britain. They had their own parliament, Stormont, which managed internal affairs.
6 Oliver Cromwell
Key: He was an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.
7 William Ⅲ
Key: William Ⅲ was a sovereign Prince of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William Ⅲ of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, and Over Ijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William Ⅲ over England and Ireland; it is a coincidence that his regna number (Ⅲ) was the same for both Orange and England. As King of Scotland, he is known as William Ⅱ. He is informally known by sections of the population in Northern Ireland and Scotland as “King Billy”. In what became known as the “Glorious Revolution”, on 5 November 1688 William invaded England in an action that ultimately deposed King James Ⅱ & Ⅶ and won him the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland. In the British Isles, William ruled jointly with his wife, Mary Ⅱ, until her death on 28 December 1694. The period of their joint reign is often referred to as “William and Mary”.
8 The Orange Day celebrations
Key: (1) Celebrations held by Protestants on 12 August each year in Northern Ireland to commemorate the battle of the Royne in 1690 when the Protestant King William Ⅲ (William of Orange) crushed a Catholic rebellion in Londonderry.
(2) The celebrations were always aggressively provocative and fightings often broke out between Protestant marchers and Catholic bystanders.
9 The Provisional IRA
Key: (1) IRA, the Irish Republican Army, is a nationalist organization dedicated to the unification of Ireland.
(2) It was organized in 1919.
(3) In 1969 it split into an “official ” majority, which disclaimed violence, and a terrorist” provisional” wing, whose attacks on British troops in Northern Ireland, random bombings, and others acts of terror in England kept tensions high.
10 The Peace People
Key: (1) In the summer of 1976, Protestant housewife Betty Williams was so shocked that a driving IRA killed two children, so she organized women in Ulster, including Protestants and Catholics.
(2) As a pressure group dedicated to peace and reconciliation in Ireland, Williams and her Catholic partner Corrigan quickly gathered thousands of followers under threats and intimidation from both sides.
(3) They continued to pursue their aims and at the end of 1976 the two leaders were awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
11 William the Conqueror
Key: In AD 1066 William of Normandy (William the conqueror) landed with a large armed force on the south coast and won a great victory over the Saxons. He and his French-speaking followers set up a strong central government which brought a new unified discipline and control to the country.
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
1 The full name of the United Kingdom is _____.
【答案】the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
【解析】根據英美文化常識可知，英國的全稱是大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯閤王國。
2 The Romans first landed in Britain in the year of _____.
【答案】55 BC
【解析】根據英美文化常識可知，羅馬人最早進入英國是在公元前55年。
3 The Scots are well-known for being _____, _____, and _____.
【答案】inventive, hardworking, serious-minded and cautious with money.
【解析】根據英美文化常識可知，蘇格蘭人享有擅於創造，吃苦耐勞，嚴肅認真，慎重對待金錢的美名。
4 Two of the Welsh characteristics are _____ and _____.
【答案】love of music; poetry.
【解析】根據英美文化常識可知，威爾士人的兩大特點是愛好音樂和詩歌。
5 People began to settle in Britain about _____ years ago.
【答案】10,000
【解析】根據英美文化常識可知，人們開始在英國居住是在約10000年前。
6 Name two famous Scottish writers: _____ and _____; two Welsh writers: _____ and _____; two Irish writers: _____ and _____.
【答案】Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott; Roald Dahl, Dylan Thomas; Fercert Ó hUiginn, Tomás Ó Cobhthaigh.
【解析】蘇格蘭著名作傢有羅伯特·彭斯（Robert Burns）、沃爾特·斯科特爵士（Sir Walter Scott）；威爾士作傢有羅爾德·達爾（Roald Dahl）、狄蘭·托馬斯（Dylan Thomas）；愛爾蘭作傢有Fercert Ó hUiginn和Tomás Ó Cobhthaigh。
7 _____, _____ and _____ were the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of modern English race.
【答案】Jutes, Saxons, Angles
【解析】根據英美文化常識可知，硃特人、撒剋遜人、盎格魯人是組成現代英國種族的三大日耳曼部落。
Ⅲ. Tick the correct answer in each of the following.
1 It would be difficult to find anyone in modern Britain who could, say with certainty that his ancestors had not come to the British Isles from somewhere else. This sentence means that _____.
A. everyone in Britain had come from the British Isles
B. almost everyone had come to the British Isles from somewhere else
C. almost everyone had his or her family origin from the British Isles
D. almost everyone had his or her family origin from somewhere else
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在現代英國，很難找到這樣一個人：他能肯定地說他的祖先不是從英國島嶼之外的其他地方來的。換句話說，幾乎每個英國人的傢族都起源於其他地方。故選D。
2 The Highlanders in Scotland are known for being _____.
A. proud
B. tough
C. independent
D. generous
Which of the above is not true?
【答案】D
【解析】句意：蘇格蘭高地人以慷慨的形象著稱。故選D。
3 Which of the following is not true in the Irish character? The Irish people are _____.
A. argumentative
B. reserved
C. introspective dreamers and poets
D. aggressive
【答案】B
【解析】句意：下列哪一項不是愛爾蘭人的性格特點？愛爾蘭好辯，積極進取，是內省的夢想傢和詩人，但愛爾蘭人並不拘謹保守，故選B。
4 Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Englishman?
A. The Englishman is outspoken.
B. He is class-conscious.
C. He is suspicious of change.
D. He is racist.
【答案】A
【解析】句意：下列哪一項不是英國人的特點？根據文化常識可知，英國人以含蓄、孤傲著稱，有階級意識，對改變保持懷疑，有種族主義傾嚮。含蓄便不會坦率直言。故選A。
本文內容節選自恒朝教育網。
恒朝教育網內搜索硃永濤即可呈現內容
題庫目錄：
第1部分 英國文化
第1章 誰是英國人
1.1 復習筆記
1.2 課後習題詳解
第2章 英國曆史
2.1 復習筆記
2.2 課後習題詳解
第3章 哪一個英語
3.1 復習筆記
3.2 課後習題詳解
第4章 英國政府
4.1 復習筆記
4.2 課後習題詳解
第5章 工業、農業、商業
5.1 復習筆記
5.2 課後習題詳解
第6章 英國文學
6.1 復習筆記
6.2 課後習題詳解
第7章 宗教與信仰
7.1 復習筆記
7.2 課後習題詳解
第8章 性格特點與禮貌
8.1 復習筆記
8.2 課後習題詳解
第9章 教 育
9.1 復習筆記
9.2 課後習題詳解
第10章 福利國傢
10.1 復習筆記
10.2 課後習題詳解
第11章 新聞媒體、廣播及電視
11.1 復習筆記
11.2 課後習題詳解
第12章 英聯邦
12.1 復習筆記
12.2 課後習題詳解
第2部分 美國文化
第1章 從大西洋到太平洋
1.1 復習筆記
1.2 課後習題詳解
第2章 美國曆史
2.1 復習筆記
2.2 課後習題詳解
第3章 政府形式
3.1 復習筆記
3.2 課後習題詳解
第4章 美國文學
4.1 復習筆記
4.2 課後習題詳解
第5章 宗 教
5.1 復習筆記
5.2 課後習題詳解
第6章 美國人的特點
6.1 復習筆記
6.2 課後習題詳解
第7章 美國的教育
7.1 復習筆記
7.2 課後習題詳解
第8章 美國人的傢庭生活
8.1 復習筆記
8.2 課後習題詳解
第9章 感恩節和聖誕節
9.1 復習筆記
9.2 課後習題詳解
第10章 種族和民族關係
10.1 復習筆記
10.2 課後習題詳解
第11章 美國的社會問題
11.1 復習筆記
11.2 課後習題詳解
責任編輯：
